Title:Among mammals, humans have fewer mirobes on skin: study

Humans are unique among mammals when it comes to the types and diversity of microorganisms on our skin, which could have implications for our health and immune systems, a study has found.

一项研究发现，在哺乳动物中，人类皮肤上的微生物类型和多样性方面是非常独特的，可能对我们的健康和免疫系统产生影响。

Researchers from the University of Waterloo and the University of Guelph in Canada conducted the most comprehensive survey of mammals to date and the results were published in the journal PNAS. The study, found that human microbiome — the collection of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses that naturally occur on our skin — contains significantly less diversity than that of other mammals.

滑铁卢大学(University of Waterloo)和加拿大盖尔普大学(Guelph)的研究人员对哺乳动物进行了迄今位置最全面的调查，调查结果发表在PNAS杂志上。该研究发现，人类皮肤中的微生物，例如细菌、真菌和自然发生的病毒等微生物集合体，其多样性与其他哺乳动物相比要少得多。

"We were quite surprised when we saw just how distinct we humans are from almost all other mammals, at least in terms of the skin microbes that we can collect with a swab,"  said Josh Neufeld, a professor at the University of Waterloo.

滑铁卢大学(University of Waterloo)的教授乔希·纽费尔德(Josh Neufeld)说：“当我们看到人类和几乎所有其他哺乳动物有多么区别时，我们感到很惊讶，至少在我们的皮肤微生物方面是如此。

"The first line that gets hit by modern hygienic practices is our skin,"  said Ashley Ross, a graduate student at Waterloo at the time of the research.  "Our skin is the largest organ of the body and the main barrier to the external environment."

滑铁卢的研究生阿什利·罗斯(Ashley Ross)表示：“我们的皮肤是身体中最大的器官和隔离外部环境的主要屏障。

Living in homes, bathing and wearing clothing may all have contributed to the unique makeup of microbial communities on human skin. Habitat was another important factor linked to the skin microbes on mammals that were sampled for this study.

住在屋子里、洗澡和穿衣可能都促成了微生物群落在人皮肤上的独特构成，栖息地是的另一个重要因素。

Despite these important influences on mammalian skin microbial communities, the study found evidence that microbial communities on mammalian skin may have changed over time with their hosts, a phenomenon called phylosymbiosis.

尽管微生物群落对哺乳动物皮肤有重要影响，但该研究发现证据表明哺乳动物皮肤上的微生物群落随着时间的推移可能改变寄主，这种现象称为种族共生。

"We were able to measure phylosymbiosis between some of the mammalian classes and the corresponding communities on their skin,"  said Kirsten Muller, a professor at Waterloo.  "It is exciting that we can still see this signal despite the contribution of habitat to the skin microbial community."

“我们能够据此测量一些哺乳动物类间亲缘关系，”滑铁卢教授Kirsten Muller说，“尽管栖息地对皮肤微生物群落的有影响，我们仍然可以看到这一信号，这真令人兴奋。”